facebook tracking Hospital infection and safety rankings by state (CMS data)

Hospital infection and safety rankings by state

Medicare (CMS) tracks six infections patients can catch in the hospital and compares each hospital with a national benchmark. We pooled the results of 3,073 reporting hospitals to compare every state, alongside CMS's serious-complications results.

Infections Oct 2024 – Sep 2025 3,073 hospitals reporting 50 states ranked
Hospitals reporting 3,073 Compared on at least one infection
Worse on 1+ infection 142 5% of reporting hospitals
Better or same on all 2,931 95% had no infection worse than national
Serious complications 159 worse 59 better than national (CMS PSI 90)
Advertisement

Key findings

  • Utah has the lowest infection index (0.75). Averaged across the infections with enough data, its hospitals reported about 25% fewer infections than U.S. hospitals overall, relative to what CMS predicts. Florida (0.75), Nevada (0.80), Nebraska (0.81) and North Dakota (0.82) round out the top five.
  • New Mexico has the highest index (1.46). Its hospitals reported about 46% more infections than U.S. hospitals overall, relative to what CMS predicts, and 1 of 24 reporting hospitals (4%) were worse than national on at least one infection.
  • Most hospitals are no different from the benchmark. 2,931 of 3,073 reporting hospitals (95%) were better than or no different from national on every infection they reported; 142 (5%) were worse on at least one.
  • Colon surgery infections had the most hospitals flagged worse: 59 of 1,772 hospitals compared on surgical site infections after colon surgery were worse than national, and 151 were better.
  • Serious complications: on CMS's PSI 90 composite, 159 hospitals were worse than national and 59 were better (Jul 2022 – Jun 2024).

States ranked by hospital infections

The infection index is HospitalsInEachState.com's analysis of CMS data. For each infection we add up the infections a state's hospitals reported, divide by the number CMS predicted, and compare that ratio with the same ratio for all U.S. hospitals; the index averages those comparisons. 1.00 is the U.S. level and lower is better: 0.90 means about 10% fewer infections than U.S. hospitals overall. The tick on each bar marks 1.00.

Showing all 50 states

U.S. states ranked by HospitalsInEachState.com's hospital infection index from CMS data, Oct 2024 – Sep 2025
# State Infection index Reporting Worse on 1+ Central line infections Catheter UTIs Colon surgery infections Hysterectomy infections MRSA C. diff PSI 90 worse
1 Utah 29 reporting 0% worse on 1+ infection 0 worse on complications 0.75 29 00% 0.46 0.44 0.64 0.28 0.47 0.36 0
2 Florida 169 reporting 1% worse on 1+ infection 6 worse on complications 0.75 169 21% 0.43 0.27 0.62 0.82 0.70 0.21 6
3 Nevada 24 reporting 8% worse on 1+ infection 0 worse on complications 0.80 24 28% 0.40 0.28 0.59 1.31 0.57 0.22 0
4 Nebraska 24 reporting 0% worse on 1+ infection 0 worse on complications 0.81 24 00% 0.48 0.34 0.70 0.87 0.49 0.30 0
5 North Dakota 10 reporting 0% worse on 1+ infection 0 worse on complications 0.82 10 00% 0.39 0.42 0.90 – 0.30 0.34 0
6 Texas 220 reporting 3% worse on 1+ infection 6 worse on complications 0.82 220 73% 0.49 0.35 0.73 0.88 0.61 0.24 6
7 South Dakota 11 reporting 0% worse on 1+ infection 0 worse on complications 0.83 11 00% 0.46 0.38 0.43 0.72 0.63 0.41 0
8 Connecticut 26 reporting 0% worse on 1+ infection 1 worse on complications 0.84 26 00% 0.45 0.27 0.77 1.07 0.48 0.34 1
9 Virginia 76 reporting 4% worse on 1+ infection 4 worse on complications 0.87 76 34% 0.51 0.38 0.76 0.97 0.58 0.27 4
10 Wyoming 8 reporting 0% worse on 1+ infection 0 worse on complications 0.88 8 00% 0.22 0.31 0.91 – – 0.46 0
11 Colorado 51 reporting 2% worse on 1+ infection 2 worse on complications 0.89 51 12% 0.46 0.46 0.74 1.16 0.51 0.27 2
12 New Jersey 62 reporting 2% worse on 1+ infection 3 worse on complications 0.92 62 12% 0.42 0.42 0.60 1.01 0.81 0.34 3
13 Rhode Island 11 reporting 0% worse on 1+ infection 0 worse on complications 0.93 11 00% 0.54 0.45 0.49 – 0.77 0.35 0
14 Oklahoma 58 reporting 7% worse on 1+ infection 3 worse on complications 0.93 58 47% 0.47 0.39 1.08 0.87 0.70 0.26 3
15 Kansas 41 reporting 2% worse on 1+ infection 0 worse on complications 0.94 41 12% 0.61 0.40 0.91 0.84 0.57 0.33 0
16 New York 133 reporting 5% worse on 1+ infection 19 worse on complications 0.94 133 75% 0.55 0.44 0.74 0.92 0.67 0.33 19
17 Arizona 55 reporting 7% worse on 1+ infection 6 worse on complications 0.94 55 47% 0.53 0.38 0.87 1.00 0.52 0.38 6
18 Indiana 82 reporting 4% worse on 1+ infection 1 worse on complications 0.95 82 34% 0.52 0.49 0.65 0.96 0.63 0.36 1
19 New Hampshire 21 reporting 5% worse on 1+ infection 1 worse on complications 0.96 21 15% 0.51 0.45 0.90 – 0.33 0.46 1
20 Idaho 18 reporting 0% worse on 1+ infection 0 worse on complications 0.96 18 00% 0.63 0.45 0.86 – 0.32 0.42 0
21 California 283 reporting 5% worse on 1+ infection 8 worse on complications 1.00 283 135% 0.59 0.53 0.80 0.80 0.69 0.37 8
22 Iowa 36 reporting 0% worse on 1+ infection 5 worse on complications 1.01 36 00% 0.64 0.47 0.70 0.82 0.76 0.41 5
23 Minnesota 62 reporting 0% worse on 1+ infection 0 worse on complications 1.02 62 00% 0.59 0.65 0.82 0.95 0.49 0.37 0
24 Maryland 43 reporting 2% worse on 1+ infection 6 worse on complications 1.03 43 12% 0.66 0.63 0.81 0.92 0.53 0.35 6
25 Georgia 98 reporting 8% worse on 1+ infection 9 worse on complications 1.03 98 88% 0.62 0.38 0.99 1.36 0.69 0.26 9
26 Alabama 60 reporting 3% worse on 1+ infection 4 worse on complications 1.04 60 23% 0.71 0.49 0.68 0.67 0.78 0.44 4
27 Missouri 72 reporting 4% worse on 1+ infection 1 worse on complications 1.04 72 34% 0.63 0.51 0.84 1.09 0.70 0.33 1
28 North Carolina 93 reporting 8% worse on 1+ infection 1 worse on complications 1.05 93 78% 0.67 0.48 0.98 1.23 0.62 0.28 1
29 Illinois 124 reporting 7% worse on 1+ infection 8 worse on complications 1.05 124 97% 0.68 0.56 0.91 0.96 0.55 0.37 8
30 Delaware 6 reporting 0% worse on 1+ infection 1 worse on complications 1.06 6 00% 0.51 0.57 0.68 – 0.73 0.44 1
31 Tennessee 71 reporting 7% worse on 1+ infection 2 worse on complications 1.06 71 57% 0.64 0.41 0.82 1.19 1.00 0.25 2
32 Hawaii 12 reporting 0% worse on 1+ infection 1 worse on complications 1.07 12 00% 0.57 0.69 1.14 – 0.27 0.38 1
33 Michigan 90 reporting 8% worse on 1+ infection 3 worse on complications 1.10 90 78% 0.63 0.39 1.00 1.54 0.66 0.33 3
34 South Carolina 50 reporting 10% worse on 1+ infection 1 worse on complications 1.10 50 510% 0.63 0.57 1.09 1.21 0.61 0.30 1
35 Wisconsin 93 reporting 4% worse on 1+ infection 2 worse on complications 1.10 93 44% 0.53 0.54 0.96 1.03 0.55 0.53 2
36 Montana 13 reporting 8% worse on 1+ infection 3 worse on complications 1.11 13 18% 1.07 0.38 1.00 – 0.36 0.39 3
37 Pennsylvania 126 reporting 2% worse on 1+ infection 6 worse on complications 1.11 126 22% 0.59 0.56 0.83 1.04 0.77 0.44 6
38 Oregon 42 reporting 0% worse on 1+ infection 3 worse on complications 1.13 42 00% 0.44 0.78 0.87 0.97 0.66 0.46 3
39 Arkansas 35 reporting 9% worse on 1+ infection 2 worse on complications 1.14 35 39% 0.63 0.47 0.78 1.40 0.95 0.34 2
40 Ohio 127 reporting 8% worse on 1+ infection 9 worse on complications 1.14 127 108% 0.63 0.43 1.08 0.98 0.84 0.45 9
41 Maine 25 reporting 4% worse on 1+ infection 0 worse on complications 1.17 25 14% 0.61 1.00 0.81 – 0.52 0.31 0
42 Mississippi 53 reporting 8% worse on 1+ infection 4 worse on complications 1.18 53 48% 0.64 0.62 1.18 1.09 0.69 0.39 4
43 Massachusetts 54 reporting 4% worse on 1+ infection 3 worse on complications 1.18 54 24% 0.52 0.65 0.91 1.36 0.64 0.49 3
44 Louisiana 61 reporting 8% worse on 1+ infection 4 worse on complications 1.19 61 58% 0.63 0.50 0.80 1.86 0.92 0.28 4
45 Kentucky 74 reporting 4% worse on 1+ infection 4 worse on complications 1.20 74 34% 0.79 0.61 1.07 1.05 0.86 0.32 4
46 West Virginia 33 reporting 6% worse on 1+ infection 3 worse on complications 1.22 33 26% 0.69 0.60 1.13 0.40 0.98 0.56 3
47 Washington 61 reporting 8% worse on 1+ infection 5 worse on complications 1.23 61 58% 0.68 0.56 1.07 1.55 0.69 0.41 5
48 Vermont 13 reporting 8% worse on 1+ infection 2 worse on complications 1.36 13 18% 0.68 1.03 1.22 – 0.13 0.60 2
49 Alaska 10 reporting 20% worse on 1+ infection 2 worse on complications 1.37 10 220% 0.90 0.83 1.10 – 0.75 0.38 2
50 New Mexico 24 reporting 4% worse on 1+ infection 5 worse on complications 1.46 24 14% 0.96 0.68 1.15 – 0.71 0.60 5

Ratios shown as – mean the state's hospitals had too few predicted infections to pool. A higher index is a reason to look closer at individual hospitals, not proof that care is unsafe.

Advertisement

The six infections CMS tracks

How many hospitals CMS rated better than, no different from or worse than the national benchmark on each infection. The U.S. ratio pools every reporting hospital in the CMS file. CMS predicts infections from a fixed national baseline period, and infections have fallen since, so the U.S. ratio is below 1.00 for most infections.

InfectionBetterNo differentWorseU.S. ratio
Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI)Bloodstream infections in patients with a central IV line, in ICUs and select wards. 486 1,401 16 0.58
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI)Urinary tract infections in patients with a urinary catheter, in ICUs and select wards. 674 1,515 6 0.47
Surgical site infections after colon surgeryInfections at the surgery site after colon surgery. 151 1,562 59 0.83
Surgical site infections after abdominal hysterectomyInfections at the surgery site after an abdominal hysterectomy. 7 557 35 1.02
MRSA bloodstream infectionsBloodstream infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a drug-resistant bacteria. 213 1,488 19 0.68
C. diff intestinal infectionsClostridioides difficile infections, a bacteria that causes severe diarrhea, often after antibiotics. 1,850 1,103 13 0.34

Standout hospitals for infection control

392 hospitals were better than national on at least three infections and worse on none, according to CMS.

National 30-day death rates

For reference: the share of Medicare patients nationwide who died within 30 days of a hospital stay for each condition (Jul 2022 – Jun 2025). Each hospital's own rates are on its page. CMS does not currently publish better/worse comparisons for these rates, so states are not ranked on them.

Patients treated forU.S. rate
Heart attack patients 11.9%
Heart failure patients 11.1%
Pneumonia patients 15.2%
Stroke patients 11.9%
COPD patients 8.6%
Coronary bypass (CABG) surgery patients 2.4%
Hospital-wide, all conditions 3.9%

Questions about hospital infections and safety

Which state has the lowest hospital infection rates?

Utah ranks first on our infection index at 0.75. Averaged across the infections with enough data, its hospitals reported about 25% fewer infections than U.S. hospitals overall, relative to what CMS predicts. Florida, Nevada, Nebraska and North Dakota complete the top five. The index is HospitalsInEachState.com's analysis of CMS data, not a CMS rating.

What is a hospital-acquired infection?

A hospital-acquired (healthcare-associated) infection is one a patient picks up while being treated in the hospital, rather than one they arrived with. CMS publishes results for six of them: central line bloodstream infections (CLABSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), surgical site infections after colon surgery and after abdominal hysterectomy, MRSA bloodstream infections and C. diff intestinal infections.

What do "better" and "worse than national" mean?

For each infection, CMS compares the number of infections a hospital reported with the number predicted for a hospital of its size and type, based on a national benchmark. "Better" or "worse" means CMS found the difference statistically significant; most hospitals are "no different". In this release 142 of 3,073 reporting hospitals (5%) were worse than national on at least one infection.

Why doesn't my hospital have an infection rating?

Hospitals only get a comparison for an infection when they had enough procedures or patient days with a central line or catheter for the result to be meaningful. Small, rural, critical access and specialty hospitals often report too few cases. A missing result is not a bad sign.

How often is this data updated?

CMS updates its infection and complication data about once a quarter. This page uses infections reported Oct 2024 – Sep 2025. The site checks CMS for new data every day and updates the rankings automatically when a new release is published.

Use this data

Journalists, researchers and health organizations are welcome to use these rankings with a link to this page.

Contact us

Methodology: Data is from the CMS Care Compare Healthcare-Associated Infections file (Oct 2024 – Sep 2025) and the Complications and Deaths file (Jul 2022 – Jun 2024). Each facility is counted once by its CMS Certification Number. "Better", "no different" and "worse" are CMS's own statistical comparisons with the national benchmark. The state infection index is HospitalsInEachState.com's calculation, not a CMS rating: for each infection we divide the total infections reported by a state's hospitals by the total predicted, divide that by the same ratio for all U.S. hospitals, then average across infections, so 1.00 is the U.S. level. Comparing each infection with its U.S. level first keeps states comparable when they report different infections. A state needs pooled results for at least four of the six infections to be ranked.

Infection and complication results are one part of hospital quality and do not capture every service. Talk to your doctor about which hospital is right for your care. About the data. Not affiliated with CMS. For a medical emergency, call 911.